【关于非谓语动词作什么成分】在英语语法中，非谓语动词是学习者常感到困惑的一部分。它们不像普通动词那样可以独立作谓语，而是需要依附于其他结构来发挥作用。常见的非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（done / doing）。它们在句子中可以充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。以下是对非谓语动词在句中所作成分的总结。
非谓语动词在句中可作的成分总结
| 非谓语动词形式 | 可作成分 | 举例说明 |
| to do | 主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 | To learn English is important. (主语) I want to go. (宾语) The book to read is on the table. (定语) She asked me to leave. (补语) |
| doing | 主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语 | Learning English is fun. (主语) I enjoy reading. (宾语) The man talking to her is my teacher. (定语) Seeing is believing. (表语) |
| done | 定语、状语、补语 | The letter written by him is interesting. (定语) Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (状语) They found the door broken. (补语) |
详细说明
1. 作主语
非谓语动词可以作为句子的主语，尤其是动名词和不定式。例如：
- Learning is a lifelong process.
- To travel is my dream.
2. 作宾语
不定式和动名词都可以作动词或介词的宾语。例如：
- I like swimming.
- He decided to study abroad.
3. 作定语
非谓语动词可以修饰名词，表示动作的执行者或状态。例如：
- The book to read is on the shelf.
- The man standing there is my uncle.
4. 作状语
非谓语动词可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果等，常用于补充说明主句内容。例如：
- Seeing the danger, he ran away.
- To improve his English, he reads every day.
5. 作补语
在某些结构中，非谓语动词可以作宾语补足语或主语补足语。例如：
- I saw her crossing the street.
- They left the door open.
6. 作表语
动名词或现在分词可以作表语，描述主语的状态或特征。例如：
- His job is teaching.
- The movie is interesting.
总结
非谓语动词虽然不能单独作谓语，但在句子中作用广泛，灵活多变。掌握它们在句中的不同成分，有助于更准确地理解和运用英语。通过结合例句与实际语境，可以更好地理解其用法和区别。建议在学习过程中多做练习，逐步提高对非谓语动词的敏感度和运用能力。